本文目录
std::condition_variable 条件变量
你可以直接去看 https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/thread/condition_variable 的详细解读,当然也可以看下述我进行的翻译和摘要
Defined in header <condition_variable>
std::condition_variable
是一种与std::mutex
一起使用的同步原语,用于阻止一个或多个线程,直到另一个线程修改共享变量(条件)并通知 std::condition_variable
1.使用条件
情况1: 某个线程打算 修改共享变量
需要完成以下三个条件:
- 获取
std::mutex
(通常通过std::lock_guard
) - 在拥有锁的情况下修改共享变量
- 对
std::condition_variable
调用notify_one
或notify_all
(可以在释放锁后完成)
情况2: 某线程想要等待条件变量
需要完成以下两个条件:
- 获取用于保护共享变量的互斥锁上的std:: unique_lock < std:: mutex >
- 执行以下操作之一:
- 检查情况,是否已更新并通知
- 对std::condition_variable调用wait 、 wait_for或wait_until (以原子方式释放互斥体并挂起线程执行,直到通知条件变量、超时到期或发生虚假唤醒,然后在返回之前以原子方式获取互斥体)
- 检查条件,如果不满足则继续等待。
- 或者:
- 使用wait 、 wait_for和wait_until的谓词重载,它执行相同的三个步骤
2.Function
Notification 通知:
- notify_one:通知一个等待线程
- notify_all:通知所有等待线程
Waiting 等待:
- wait:阻塞当前线程,直到条件变量被唤醒
- wait_for:阻塞当前线程,直到条件变量被唤醒或指定的超时时间后
- wait_until:阻塞当前线程,直到条件变量被唤醒或到达指定时间点
3.例程
#include <condition_variable>
#include <iostream>
#include <mutex>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
std::mutex m;
std::condition_variable cv;
std::string data;
bool ready = false;
bool processed = false;
void worker_thread()
{
// wait until main() sends data
std::unique_lock lk(m);
cv.wait(lk, []{ return ready; });
// after the wait, we own the lock
std::cout << "Worker thread is processing data\n";
data += " after processing";
// send data back to main()
processed = true;
std::cout << "Worker thread signals data processing completed\n";
// manual unlocking is done before notifying, to avoid waking up
// the waiting thread only to block again (see notify_one for details)
lk.unlock();
cv.notify_one();
}
int main()
{
std::thread worker(worker_thread);
data = "Example data";
// send data to the worker thread
{
std::lock_guard lk(m);
ready = true;
std::cout << "main() signals data ready for processing\n";
}
cv.notify_one();
// wait for the worker
{
std::unique_lock lk(m);
cv.wait(lk, []{ return processed; });
}
std::cout << "Back in main(), data = " << data << '\n';
worker.join();
}
输出结果:
main() signals data ready for processing
Worker thread is processing data
Worker thread signals data processing completed
Back in main(), data = Example data after processing